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发表于 2008-4-28 13:27:02
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分子流行病学分型篇
Arch Virol. 2003 Jul;148(7):1369-85. Links
Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in peninsular Malaysia, 1997-2000.
马来西亚1997-2000年肠病毒EV71分子流行病学分型统计
Herrero LJ, Lee CS, Hurrelbrink RJ, Chua BH, Chua KB, McMinn PC.
Division of Virology, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, WA, Australia. larah@ichr.uwa.edu.au
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae) has been responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like disease in Europe, the U.S.A., Australia and Asia. Recently, there has been an increase in EV71 activity in the Asia-Pacific region, with many outbreaks of HFMD associated with brainstem encephalitis manifesting as neurogenic pulmonary oedema with a high case fatality rate. In 1997, and again in 2000, EV71 outbreaks occurred in peninsular Malaysia. Variations in VP1 gene sequences have been shown to divide all known EV71 field isolates into three distinct genogroups (A, B and C). Consequently we examined the VP1 gene sequences of 43 EV71 strains isolated in peninsular Malaysia between 1997 and 2000 in order to determine the genogroup prevalence over the period. In this study we show that four subgenogroups (B3, B4, C1 and C2) of EV71 circulated in peninsular Malaysia between 1997 and 2000. Subgenogroups B3, B4 and C1 have been identified as the primary cause of the outbreaks of EV71 in peninsular Malaysia. Subgenogroup C1 also displayed endemic circulation from 1997 to 2000 and subgenogroup C2 was present at a low level during the 1997 outbreak.
J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Dec;43(12):6171-5. Links
Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003.
1998-2003年期间日本肠病毒EV71流行情况
Mizuta K, Abiko C, Murata T, Matsuzaki Y, Itagaki T, Sanjoh K, Sakamoto M, Hongo S, Murayama S, Hayasaka K.
Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Tokamachi 1-6-6, Yamagata, 990-0031 Japan. mizutak@pref.yamagata.jp
Phylogenetic analysis of 45 enterovirus 71 (EV71) isolates for 6 years in Yamagata, Japan, clarified that the annual outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was due to four genetically distinct subgenogroups, including a novel "B5." Our results suggest that the importation of EV71 from surrounding countries has had a major epidemiological impact on the local community used in our study.
J Med Virol. 2006 Feb;78(2):254-62. Links
Evolution of EV71 genogroup in Taiwan from 1998 to 2005: an emerging of subgenogroup C4 of EV71.
台湾1998-2005年肠病毒EV71基因型进化研究
Lin KH, Hwang KP, Ke GM, Wang CF, Ke LY, Hsu YT, Tung YC, Chu PY, Chen BH, Chen HL, Kao CL, Wang JR, Eng HL, Wang SY, Hsu LC, Chen HY.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. kuhsli@ms3.hinet.net
In Taiwan, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has played an important role in severe enterovirus-related cases every year since the devastating outbreak in 1998. Three genogroups A, B, C occur worldwide; with the B and C genogroups being subdivided into B1-B4 and C1-C4 subgenogroups respectively. To understand the mutation of the EV71 genogroup in Taiwan before and after 1998, a total of 54 worldwide strains were studied including 41 Taiwanese strains obtained in 1986 and 1998-2004. A fragment of 207 bp of the VP4 region was amplified and sequenced. Genetic analysis was performed using MEGA software (version 3.0) for the nucleotide sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. In Taiwan, the subgenogroup B1 was predominant before 1998 while subgenogroup C2 was the major etiologic group in 1998 outbreak. A minor etiologic group outbreak in 1998, subgenogroup B4, became predominant during the period from 1999 to 2003. In this study, subgenogroup C4 emerged and became predominant in 2004 in Taiwan. The nucleotide differences between B1 and C2, C2 and B4, B4 and C4 were 20%-26%, 19%-27%, 18%-22%, respectively. Nucleotide sequence alignment revealed 67 substitutions. Most of the substitutions (62/67) were silent mutations. This is the first report about the emergence of EV71 subgenogroup C4 in Taiwan. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Aug;25(8):691-4. Links
Genetic diversity of enterovirus 71 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in Japan from 1983 to 2003.
1983-2003年日本手足口病相关的肠病毒EV71基因多样性分析
Hosoya M, Kawasaki Y, Sato M, Honzumi K, Kato A, Hiroshima T, Ishiko H, Suzuki H.
Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. mhosoya@fmu.ac.jp
BACKGROUND: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major etiologic agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The surveillance data indicate that EV71 infection follows an epidemic mode of transmission, causing large outbreaks and then becoming quiescent for a few years. METHODS: We investigated the genetic diversity of a total of 121 EV71 strains isolated from patients with HFMD in Fukushima, Japan, from 1983 to 2003 and compared their genetic relation with the 164 EV71 strains isolated in the world using phylogenetic analysis based on the VP4 sequence. RESULTS: We observed EV71-related HFMD outbreaks in Fukushima in 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2000 and 2003. Phylogenetic reconstruction of EV71 strains isolated in Fukushima demonstrated 8 genetically distinct clusters, including 6 subgroups previously designated as B-1, B-2 and 3, B-4, C-1, C-2, and C-3 and 2 subgroups newly designated as B-5 and C-4. Additional 2 indistinct clusters belonged to genogroup C and were named C-U1 and C-U2. Of those subgroups, B-1, C-U1, C-U2, C-2, B4, and C-4 and B-5 dominantly related to epidemics that occurred in the years 1984, 1987 and 1990, 1993, 1997, 2000 and 2003, respectively. EV71 strains derived from each outbreak in Fukushima formed a single cluster with those isolated during almost the same time period in other area of Japan and in other countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the repeated EV71 outbreaks might be the result of the worldwide transmission of the newly introduced genetically divergent EV71 strains.
Rev Med Virol. 2007 Nov-Dec;17(6):371-9. Links
Genetic evolution of enterovirus 71: epidemiological and pathological implications.
香港肠病毒EV71基因进化分析(中大微生物系做的哦)
Bible JM, Pantelidis P, Chan PK, Tong CY.
Infection and Immunology Delivery Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Since its discovery in the 1970s, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become one of the most pathogenic enterovirus serotypes causing recurrent outbreaks in different parts of the world. Three waves of outbreaks globally have been recorded over the last three decades and more recently active circulation of EV71 is evident amongst countries in South East Asia and beyond. There is evidence of a continuous evolution in its genetic make up which is likely to impact on its epidemiology and pathological potential. This review examines the molecular genetics and evolution of EV71 in relation to its epidemiological and pathological properties. A thorough understanding of the relationship between the genetic changes and the resulting host-virus interaction is essential for successful control. (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jan;40(1):10-5. Links
Change of major genotype of enterovirus 71 in outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000.
1998-2000年台湾肠病毒EV71的主要基因型改变
Wang JR, Tuan YC, Tsai HP, Yan JJ, Liu CC, Su IJ.
Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. jrwang@mail.ncku.edu.tw
Two outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000. Enteroviruses were isolated from a total of 1,892 patients in this laboratory during this period. Of the virus isolates, enterovirus 71 (EV71) was diagnosed in 44.4% of the patients (132 of 297) in 1998, 2% (13 of 646) in 1999, and 20.5% (195 of 949) in 2000. Genetic analyses of the 5'-untranslated and VP1 regions of EV71 isolates by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing were performed to understand the diversity of EV71 in these outbreaks of HFMD. Most EV71 isolates from the 1998 epidemic belonged to genotype C, while only one-tenth of the isolates were genotype B. Interestingly, all EV71 isolates tested from 1999 to 2000 belonged to genotype B. This study indicated that two genogroups of EV71 capable of inducing severe clinical illness have been circulating in Taiwan. Furthermore, the predominant EV71 genotypes responsible for each of the two major HFMD outbreaks within the 3-year period in Taiwan were different.
J Virol. 1999 Dec;73(12):9969-75. Links
Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998.
1970-1998年澳大利亚肠病毒EV71分子流行病学和基因进化分析
Brown BA, Oberste MS, Alexander JP Jr, Kennett ML, Pallansch MA.
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bzb2@cdc.gov
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae), a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), may also cause severe neurological diseases, such as encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. To examine the genetic diversity and rate of evolution of EV71, we have determined and analyzed complete VP1 sequences (891 nucleotides) for 113 EV71 strains isolated in the United States and five other countries from 1970 to 1998. Nucleotide sequence comparisons demonstrated three distinct EV71 genotypes, designated A, B, and C. The genetic variation within genotypes (12% or fewer nucleotide differences) was less than the variation between genotypes (16.5 to 19.7%). Strains of all three genotypes were at least 94% identical to one another in deduced amino acid sequence. The EV71 prototype strain, BrCr-CA-70, isolated in California in 1970, is the sole member of genotype A. Strains isolated in the United States and Australia during the period from 1972 to 1988, a 1994 Colombian isolate, and isolates from a large HFMD outbreak in Malaysia in 1997 are all members of genotype B. Although strains of genotype B continue to circulate in other parts of the world, none have been isolated in the United States since 1988. Genotype C contains strains isolated in 1985 or later in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the Republic of China. The annual rate of evolution within both the B and C genotypes was estimated to be approximately 1.35 x 10(-2) substitutions per nucleotide and is similar to the rate observed for poliovirus. The results indicate that EV71 is a genetically diverse, rapidly evolving virus. Its worldwide circulation and potential to cause severe disease underscore the need for additional surveillance and improved methods to identify EV71 in human disease.
Pediatr Int. 2004 Apr;46(2):231-5. Links
Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection in the Western Pacific Region.
西太平洋地区肠病毒EV71感染的分子流行病学分析
Shimizu H, Utama A, Onnimala N, Li C, Li-Bi Z, Yu-Jie M, Pongsuwanna Y, Miyamura T.
Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. hshimizu@nih.go.jp
BACKGROUND: Recently, there have been large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated with severe neurological diseases in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). To monitor the realtime trend of EV71 transmission throughout the WPR, the authors conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of EV71 infection. METHODS: Viruses were isolated from clinical samples from patients with HFMD or those with neurological complications. The EV71 isolates were identified by microneutralization assay. The VP4 and/or VP1 regions of recent EV71 isolates were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using reference EV71 strains. RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis of EV71 isolates from the WPR revealed two major genogroups, B and C, based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of the VP1 or VP4 region. These two major genogroups were further divided into subgenogroups, B1, B2, B3, and B4 and C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular epidemiological analyses of recent and previous EV71 isolates in the WPR indicated that two major genogroups of EV71 are co-circulating in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan. Recent EV71 isolates in Mainland China constitute a new distinct genetic cluster, subgenogroup C4. Two major lineages of EV71 are the major causative agents of the present HFMD epidemics in the WPR and both are considered to be neurovirulent.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Apr;9(4):461-8. Links
Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 strains and recent outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region: comparative analysis of the VP1 and VP4 genes.
亚太地区肠病毒EV71的分子流行病学
Cardosa MJ, Perera D, Brown BA, Cheon D, Chan HM, Chan KP, Cho H, McMinn P.
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia. janecardosa@yahoo.co.uk
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) in the Asia-Pacific region from 1997 through 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 and VP1 genes of recent HEV71 strains indicates that several genogroups of the virus have been circulating in the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. The first of these recent outbreaks, described in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) in 1997, was caused by genogroup B3. This outbreak was followed by large outbreaks in Taiwan in 1998, caused by genogroup C2, and in Perth (Western Australia) in 1999, where viruses belonging to genogroups B3 and C2 cocirculated. Singapore, Taiwan, and Sarawak had HEV71 epidemics in 2000, caused predominantly by viruses belonging to genogroup B4; however, large numbers of fatalities were observed only in Taiwan. HEV71 was identified during an epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in Korea; that epidemic was found to be due to viruses constituting a new genogroup, C3.
BMC Microbiol. 2006 Aug 30;6:74. Links
Phylogenetic evidence for inter-typic recombination in the emergence of human enterovirus 71 subgenotypes.
人类肠病毒EV71亚型基因重组的进化证据
Yoke-Fun C, AbuBakar S.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. yokefunchan@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: Human enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is a common causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). In recent years, the virus has caused several outbreaks with high numbers of deaths and severe neurological complications. Several new EV-71 subgenotypes were identified from these outbreaks. The mechanisms that contributed to the emergence of these subgenotypes are unknown. RESULTS: Six EV-71 isolates from an outbreak in Malaysia, in 1997, were sequenced completely. These isolates were identified as EV-71 subgenotypes, B3, B4 and C2. A phylogenetic tree that correlated well with the present enterovirus classification scheme was established using these full genome sequences and all other available full genome sequences of EV-71 and human enterovirus A (HEV-A). Using the 5' UTR, P2 and P3 genomic regions, however, isolates of EV-71 subgenotypes B3 and C4 segregated away from other EV-71 subgenotypes into a cluster together with coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16/G10) and EV-71 subgenotype C2 clustered with CV-A8. Results from the similarity plot analyses supported the clustering of these isolates with other HEV-A. In contrast, at the same genomic regions, a CV-A16 isolate, Tainan5079, clustered with EV-71. This suggests that amongst EV-71 and CV-A16, only the structural genes were conserved. The 3' end of the virus genome varied and consisted of sequences highly similar to various HEV-A viruses. Numerous recombination crossover breakpoints were identified within the non-structural genes of some of these newer EV-71 subgenotypes. CONCLUSION: Phylogenetic evidence obtained from analyses of the full genome sequence supports the possible occurrence of inter-typic recombination involving EV-71 and various HEV-A, including CV-A16, the most common causal agent of HFMD. It is suggested that these recombination events played important roles in the emergence of the various EV-71 subgenotypes.
[ 本帖最后由 David 于 2008-4-29 14:51 编辑 ]
Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in peninsular Malaysia, 1997-2000..pdf
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Japan.pdf
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Evolution of EV71 genogroup in Taiwan from 1998 to 2005.pdf
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Genetic diversity of enterovirus 71 in Japan from 1983 to 2003..pdf
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Genetic evolution of enterovirus 71 in Hong Kong.pdf
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Change of major genotype of enterovirus 71 in Taiwan 1998 and 2000..pdf
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Molecular epidemiology of EV71 infection in the Western Pacific Region.pdf
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Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 strains in the Asia-Pacific region.pdf
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Phylogenetic evidence for inter-typic recombination in the emergence of EV 71.pdf
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